Language:
In natural Life, a language is a communication medium using which we can communicate with each other.
In the same manner while working with computer, the language (also known as programming language) is used to develop new softwares and applications by which user can communicate with the computers using hardware.
Generally there are following two types of languages:
1. Low-Level Languages.
2. High-Level Languages.
2. High-Level Languages: The language in which we write the program, generally using English Language, are known as High-level Languages. But these languages cannot be understood by the computer directly. Therefore, each high-level language consists of it's own compiler which is used to compile our program from the source code (program written by us using English Language) into computer understandable machine code. For example- COBOL, PASCAL, FORTRAN, C, C++, JAVA etc.
'C' Language :-
'C' is a structured high-level programming language developed by 'DENNIS RITCHIE' at T Bell Lab in 1972.
Initially 'C' was developed for the inplementation of Unix operating system. But now-a-days it has become all in one language,i.e., now-a-days this language can be used to develop any type of software and application.
CHARACTERISTICS OF 'C' LANGUAGE:
Following are the characteristics of 'C' language:-
1. Size of language-
'C' is extremely small because 'C' language does not provide any input/output capabilities but here these tasks are performed using functions known as Library Functions.
2. Modern Control Statements-
All of the modern control statements which are expected in any new language are available in 'C' for various practical problems.
3. Bitwise Operators-
While developing system software, we are required to process the data at bit level. 'C' language provides Bitwise operator to handle such cases.
4. Pointer Implementations-
While developing System software, we are required to access the memory directly. 'C' language provides the facility of Pointers to do so.
Because of the above defined characteristics, 'C' language can be thought of a middle-level language because this combines the functions of the low-level language with the features of the high-level language.
Format of 'C' programming:
Since 'C' is a structured programming language therefore there is a specific format for each and every 'C' program.
#include<stdio.h>
#include..........
.
.
.
main()
{ variable declaration;......
.
.
executable statements;....
.
.
.}
#include statement:
In the above format #include statement is used to include header file. A header file consists of function declaration.
Since 'C' does not provide any input/output capabilities, therefore we have to work with library functions to perform a task which are declared in header files. So, we are required to include all corresponding header files in our programs.
While we are making programs, input/output operations are required to be performed, and to do so all the input/output library functions are present in the header file named "stdio.h".
Coding Call:
1. WAP in 'C' to display "WELCOME" on screen.
2. WAP in 'C' to input two numbers by the user and display their sum.
3. WAP in 'C' to input two numbers by the user and display their difference.
4. WAP in 'C' to input two numbers by the user and display their product.
5. WAP in 'C' to input two numbers by the user and display their divison.
6. WAP in 'C' to input two numbers by the user and display their modulus.
7. WAP in 'C' to input gender by the user and display the gender.
8. WAP in 'C' to input character by the user and convert it in lower or upper case depending upon user's choice..
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